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Welcome to the NWTC Design-Codes Publications page. Most of the papers you will find here are written by our Design-Codes Group and our subcontractors, but some are of general interest to wind turbine modelers. You can find documentation for our codes on our user's guides page.

Feel free to download any of our papers. You will need Adobe Acrobat Reader™ to read them. If you do not have the latest version of Acrobat Reader, go here.

If you would like to refer to any of our publications in your paper, please visit our references page.

  • Lock_R&M_1014.pdf
    An Extension of the Vortex Theory of Airscrews with Applications to Airscrews of Small Pitch, Including Expermiental Results
    C.N.H. Lock, H. Bateman, H.C.H. Tiwsend
    Reports and Memoranda, No. 1014
    His Majesty's Stationery Office
    September 1925

  • Glauert_R&M_1026.pdf
    The Analysis of Experimental Results in the Windmill Brake and Vortex Ring States of an Airscrew
    H. Glauert
    Reports and Memoranda, No. 1026
    His Majesty's Stationery Office
    February 1926

  • Goldstein_VortexTheoryScrewPropellers_1929.pdf
    On the Vortex Theory of Screw Propellers
    Sydney Goldstein
    St. John's College, Cambridge
    January 1929

  • WilsonLissaman_AppAeroOfWindPwrMach_1974.pdf
    Applied Aerodynamics of Wind Power Machines
    Robert E. Wilson
    Peter B. S. Lissaman
    Oregon State University
    May 1974

  • WilsonLissamanWalker_AerodynamicPerformanceOfWindTurbines(1976).pdf
    Aerodynamic Performance of Wind Turbines
    Robert E. Wilson
    Peter B. S. Lissaman
    Stel N. Walker
    Oregon State University
    June 1976

  • Swift_YawedFlow.pdf
    The Effects of Yawed Flow on Wind Turbine Rotors
    Andrew H. P. Swift, Jr.
    Doctor of Science Dissertation
    Washington University
    May 1981

  • HibbsRadkey_BEM_Theory.pdf
    Small Wind Energy Conversion Systems (SWECS) Rotor Performance Model Comparison Study (UNPUBLISHED DRAFT)
    B. Hibbs
    R.L. Radkey
    Aerovironment, Inc.
    November 1981

  • OstowariNaik_PostStall4415_Part1.pdf
    Post Stall Studies of Untwisted Varying Aspect Ratio Blades with an NACA 4415 Airfoil Section - Part I
    C. Ostowari
    D. Naik
    Texas A&M University
    Wind Engineering Vol. 8, No. 3, 1984, pp. 176–194

  • SERI/STR-217-2559
    Post-Stall Wind Tunnel Data for NACA 44XX Series Airfoil Sections
    C. Ostowari
    D. Naik
    Texas A&M University
    January 1985

  • OstowariNaik_PostStall44XX_Part2.pdf
    Post Stall Studies of Untwisted Varying Aspect Ratio Blades with NACA 44XX Series Airfoil Sections - Part II
    C. Ostowari
    D. Naik
    Texas A&M University
    Wind Engineering Vol. 9, No. 3, 1985, pp. 149–164

  • PetersBoyd - Induced Velocities.pdf
    Finite-State Induced-Flow Model for Rotors in Hover and Forward Flight
    David A. Peters
    David Doug Boyd
    Cheng Jian He
    School of Aerospace Engineering
    Georgia Institue of Technology
    October 1989

  • NREL/TP-257-4400
    Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Post Stall Airfoil Characteristics Synthesization
    James L. Tangler
    SERI (now NREL)
    Cyrus Ostowari
    Texas A&M University
    June 1991

  • PetersHe_InducedVelocities.pdf
    Correlation of Measured Induced Velocities with a Finite-State Wake Model
    David A. Peters
    Cheng Jian He
    School of Aerospace Engineering
    Georgia Institue of Technology
    July 1991

  • NREL/TP-442-7728
    Data Preparation Requirements for Modeling Wind Turbines with ADAMS®
    Marshall L. Buhl, Jr.
    NREL-NWTC
    December 1994

  • NREL Airfoil Families for HAWTs
    James L. Tangler
    NREL-NWTC
    Dan M. Somers
    Airfoils Incorporated
    1995

  • PierceThesis.pdf
    Wind Turbine Load Prediction Using the Beddoes-Leishman Model for Unsteady Aerodynamics and Dynamic Stall
    Kirk Gee Pierce
    Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
    University of Utah
    August 1996

  • NREL/CP-440-21670
    Effects of Turbulence on Power Generation for Variable-Speed Wind Turbines
    Eduard Muljadi
    C.P. (Sandy) Butterfield
    Marshall L. Buhl, Jr.
    NREL-NWTC
    November 1996

  • NREL/CP-500-23975
    Wind Turbine Design Codes: A Preliminary Comparison of the Aerodynamics
    Marshall L. Buhl, Jr., Alan D. Wright, and James L. Tangler
    NREL-NWTC
    December 1997

  • NREL/CP-500-24311
    Control Strategy for Variable-Speed, Stall-Regulated Wind Turbines
    E. Muljadi, K. Pierce, and P. Migliore
    NREL-NWTC
    April 1998

  • MinnemaThesis.pdf
    Pitching Moment Predictions on Wind Turbine Blades Using the Beddoes-Leishman Model for Unsteady Aerodynamics and Dynamic Stall
    Jeffery Edward Minnema
    Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
    University of Utah
    June 1998

  • NREL/TP-500-24919
    Dynamic Characterization of the AWT-26 Turbine for Variable Speed Operation
    Scott M. Larwood
    NREL-NWTC
    July 1998

  • NREL/CP-500-25513
    A Progress Report on the Characterization and Modeling of a Very Flexible Wind Turbine Design
    Neil D. Kelley, Alan D. Wright, and Richard M. Osgood
    NREL-NWTC
    October 1998

  • NREL/CP-500-25514
    Validation of a Model for a Two-Bladed Flexible Rotor System:
    Progress to Date

    Alan D. Wright, Neil D. Kelley, and Richard M. Osgood
    NREL-NWTC
    November 1998

  • NREL/CP-500-25792
    Code Development for Control Design Applications
    Phase I: Structural Modeling

    Gunjit S. Bir and Michael Robinson
    NREL-NWTC
    November 1998

  • NREL/CP-500-25787
    Predicting Ultimate Loads for Wind Turbine Design
    Peter Hauge Madsen
    Risø National Laboratory, Denmark
    Kirk Pierce & Marshall L. Buhl, Jr.
    NREL-NWTC
    November 1998

  • NREL/CP-500-25983
    Operating Modes of a Teetered-Rotor Wind Turbine
    Gunjit S. Bir
    NREL-NWTC
    Karl Stol
    University of Colorado at Boulder
    November 1998

  • NREL/SR-500-26173
    Design of a Tapered and Twisted Blade for the NREL Combined Experiment Rotor
    Phillipe Giguère and Michael S. Selig
    Department of Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering
    University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
    April 1999

  • NREL/CP-500-26244
    Non-Linear and Linear Model Based Controller Design for Variable-Speed Wind Turbines
    Maureen M. Hand and Mark J. Balas
    NREL-NWTC
    April 1999

  • FAST_AD.pdf
    Technical and User's Manual for the FAST_AD Advanced Dynamics Code
    Robert E. Wilson
    Stel N. Walker
    Ping Hey
    Oregon State University
    May 1999

  • SAND99-0089
    On the Fatigue Analysis of Wind Turbines
    Herbert J. Sutherland
    Sandia National Laboratories
    June 1999

  • NREL/TP-500-26207
    Software Quality-Control Guidelines for Codes Developed for the NWTC
    Marshall L. Buhl, Jr.
    H. James Green
    NREL-NWTC
    June 1999

  • NREL/TP-500-25540
    Variable-Speed Wind Turbine Controller Systematic Design Methodology:
    A Comparison of Non-Linear and Linear Model-Based Designs

    Maureen M. Hand
    NREL-NWTC
    July 1999

  • NREL/CP-500-26322
    Control Method for Improved Energy Capture below Rated Power
    K. Pierce
    NREL-NWTC
    July 1999

  • NREL/CP-500-27470
    Wind Turbine Design Codes: A Comparison of the Structural Response
    Marshall L. Buhl, Jr., Alan D. Wright, and Kirk G. Pierce
    NREL-NWTC
    January 2000

  • NREL/CP-500-24791
    A Conservative Control Strategy for Variable-Speed Stall-Regulated Wind Turbines
    E. Muljadi, K. Pierce, and P. Migliore
    NREL-NWTC
    February 2000

  • NREL/CP-500-27143
    Pitch-Controlled Variable-Speed Wind Turbine Generation
    Ed Muljadi and C.P. "Sandy" Butterfield
    NREL-NWTC
    February 2000

  • setup.pdf
    Installing NWTC Design Codes on PCs Running Windows NT®
    Marshall L. Buhl, Jr.
    NREL-NWTC
    December 22, 2000
    103KB

  • NREL/CP-500-28848
    FAST_AD Code Verification: A Comparison to ADAMS
    M.L. Buhl, Jr., A.D. Wright, and K.G. Pierce
    NREL-NWTC
    January 8-11, 2001

  • NREL/TP-500-35109
    Evaluation of RCAS Inflow Models for Wind Turbine Analysis
    Jim Tangler, Gunjit Bir
    NREL-NWTC
    February 2004

  • NREL/TP-500-34421
    Extrapolation of Extreme and Fatigue Loads Using Probabilistic Methods
    P.J. Moriarty, W.E. Holley, S.P. Butterfield
    NREL-NWTC
    November 2004

  • FatLifeCalcByRFCycleCountingMeth_Ariduru.pdf
    Fatigue Life Calculation by Rainflow Cycle Counting Method
    Seçil Ariduru
    Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences
    Middle East Technical University
    December 2004

  • NREL/CP-500-38456
    Wind Turbine Post-Stall Airfoil Performance Characteristics Guidelines for Blade-Element Momentum Methods
    James L. Tangler
    NREL-NWTC
    J. David Kocurek
    Computational Methodology Associates
    January 2005

  • BuhlCodeSuitePaper.pdf
    The NWTC Design-Codes Suite: An Overview
    Marshall L. Buhl Jr.
    NREL-NWTC
    January 2005

  • NREL/CP-500-36881
    AeroDyn Theory Manual
    Pat J. Moriarty
    NREL-NWTC
    A. Craig Hansen
    Windward Engineering
    January 2005

  • GL_Report.pdf
    Evaluation Report: Design Codes FAST and ADAMS® for Load Calculations of Onshore Wind Turbines
    Andreas Manjock
    Germanischer Lloyd WindEnergie GmbH
    May 2005

  • NREL/CP-500-36834
    A New Empirical Relationship between Thrust Coefficient and Induction Factor for the Turbulent Windmill State
    Marshall L. Buhl Jr.
    NREL-NWTC
    August 2005

  • NREL/CP-500-39113
    A Comparison of Wind Turbine Aeroelastic Codes Used for Certification
    Marshall L. Buhl Jr.
    NREL-NWTC
    Andreas Manjock
    Germanischer Lloyd WindEnergie GmbH
    January 2006

  • NREL/CP-500-40979
    Development and Verification of a Fully Coupled Simulator for Offshore Wind Turbines: Preprint
    Jason M. Jonkman
    Marshall L. Buhl Jr.
    NREL-NWTC
    January 2007

  • NREL/CP-500-41714
    Loads Analysis of a Floating Offshore Wind Turbine Using Fully Coupled Simulation: Preprint
    Jason M. Jonkman
    Marshall L. Buhl Jr.
    NREL-NWTC
    June 2007

  • dissertation_Larwood.pdf
    Dynamic Analysis Tool Development for Advanced Geometry Wind Turbine Blades
    Scott Michael Larwood
    U.C.-Davis
    2009

  • Paper
    Presentation
    Necessity for Using Nonlinear Structural Analysis in Designing Blades
    Kyle K. Wetzel
    Wetzel Engineering, Inc.
    May 7, 2009




This page was last updated by M. Buhl on 31-August-2009.

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